Whats is Difficulty Level, Placement test , SCORING ASSESSMENTS And STUDENT-CENTERED MODELS
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Whats is Difficulty Level, Placement test , Scoring Asessments
Difficulty Level
By difficulty level we mean the number of candidates that got a particular item right in any given test. For example, if in a class of 45 students, 30 of the students got a question correctly, then the difficulty level is 67% or 0.67. The proportion usually ranges from 0 to 1or 0 to 100%. An item with an index of 0 is too difficult hence everybody missed it while that of 1 is too
easy as everybody got it right. Items with index of 0.5 are usually suitablefor inclusion in a
test.
Receiving
This is the lowest level of the learning outcomes in the affective domain.
It means attending. It is the learner’s willingness to attend to a particular
stimulus or his being sensitive to the existence of a given problem,
event, condition or situation.
This is the lowest level of the learning outcomes in the affective domain.
It means attending. It is the learner’s willingness to attend to a particular
stimulus or his being sensitive to the existence of a given problem,
event, condition or situation.
Responding
In this case the learner responds to the event by participating. He does
not only attend, he also reacts by doing something.
In this case the learner responds to the event by participating. He does
not only attend, he also reacts by doing something.
Objective test items
Types of Objectives tests Items
Short answers
Completion
Arrangements
True-false
Matching and
Multiple choice items.
Types of Objectives tests Items
Short answers
Completion
Arrangements
True-false
Matching and
Multiple choice items.
Supply Test Items
This is the type of test item, which requires the testee to give very brief
answers to the questions. These answers may be a word, a phrase, a
number, a symbol or symbols etc
This is the type of test item, which requires the testee to give very brief
answers to the questions. These answers may be a word, a phrase, a
number, a symbol or symbols etc
Selection Test Items
This is the type where possible alternatives are provided for the testee to
choose the most appropriate or the correct option
This is the type where possible alternatives are provided for the testee to
choose the most appropriate or the correct option
The Multiple Choice Test Items
The multiple choice item consists of two parts – a problem and a list of
suggested solutions. The problem generally referred to as the stem may
be stated as a direct question or an incomplete statement while the
suggested solutions generally referred to as the alternatives, choices or
options may include words, numbers, symbols or phrases. In its
standard form, one of the options of the multiple choice item is the
correct or best answer and the others are intended to mislead, foil, or
distract examinees from the correct option and are therefore called
distracters, foils or decoys
suggested solutions. The problem generally referred to as the stem may
be stated as a direct question or an incomplete statement while the
suggested solutions generally referred to as the alternatives, choices or
options may include words, numbers, symbols or phrases. In its
standard form, one of the options of the multiple choice item is the
correct or best answer and the others are intended to mislead, foil, or
distract examinees from the correct option and are therefore called
distracters, foils or decoys
Placement test
for placing students at a particular level, school, or college.
Achievement tests
: for measuring the achievement of a candidate in a particular
course either during or at the end of the course.
: for measuring the achievement of a candidate in a particular
course either during or at the end of the course.
Diagnostic tests
: for determining the problems of a student in a particular area, task,
course, or programme. Diagnostic tests also bring out areas of difficulty of a student
for the purpose of remediation.
: for determining the problems of a student in a particular area, task,
course, or programme. Diagnostic tests also bring out areas of difficulty of a student
for the purpose of remediation.
Aptitude tests
: are designed to determine the aptitude of a student for a particular
task, course, programme, job, etc.
: are designed to determine the aptitude of a student for a particular
task, course, programme, job, etc.
Predictive tests
: designed to be able to predict the learning outcomes of the candidate. A predictive test is able to predict or forecast that if the candidate is able to pass a particular test, he/she will be able to carry out a particular task, skill, course, action, or programme.
: designed to be able to predict the learning outcomes of the candidate. A predictive test is able to predict or forecast that if the candidate is able to pass a particular test, he/she will be able to carry out a particular task, skill, course, action, or programme.
SCORING ASSESSMENTS
Analytical scoring
Analytical scoring: the assessment of student performance by means
of a rating system.
Analytical scoring: the assessment of student performance by means
of a rating system.
Holistic scoring
Holistic scoring: the assessment of a student’s work in its entirely
rather than judging specific parts.
Holistic scoring: the assessment of a student’s work in its entirely
rather than judging specific parts.
Rubrics •
Rubrics: examples of different types, models, illustrations, or levels
of possible responses that are used as guidelines for assessing
student work
STUDENT-CENTERED MODELS
INQUIRY MODEL
An investigative process of learning in which students are asked to
pose questions, analyze data, develop conclusions or generalizations,
classify, predict, and experiment.
An investigative process of learning in which students are asked to
pose questions, analyze data, develop conclusions or generalizations,
classify, predict, and experiment.
DISCOVER LEARNING
An inquiry process in which learners pose questions and seek
explanations.
An inquiry process in which learners pose questions and seek
explanations.
COOPERATIVE LEARNING (PAIR�SHARE, JIGSAW, STAD, TEAMS,
GAMES, TOURNAMENTS)
Learning based on a small group approach to teaching in which
students are held accountable for both individual and group
achievement. Activities include pair-share, jigsaw, teams, games, and
tournaments)
GAMES, TOURNAMENTS)
Learning based on a small group approach to teaching in which
students are held accountable for both individual and group
achievement. Activities include pair-share, jigsaw, teams, games, and
tournaments)
COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
Students work together collaboratively in solving a problem or
examining a situation. The benefits of collaborative learning are that it
brings many perspectives to a problem, which in turn develops
problem solving and mediation skills.
Students work together collaboratively in solving a problem or
examining a situation. The benefits of collaborative learning are that it
brings many perspectives to a problem, which in turn develops
problem solving and mediation skills.
CONCEPT MODELS (CONCEPT
DEVELOPMENT, CONCEPT
Allows an educator to arrange any number of learning components or
tasks into a “map” or plan to be accomplished.
DEVELOPMENT, CONCEPT
Allows an educator to arrange any number of learning components or
tasks into a “map” or plan to be accomplished.
DISCUSSION MODELS
A cooperative learning grouping in which students meet together for small
group discussions among themselves. The elements of a discussion model
include:
*Small number of students, preferable 6-8
*Recognition of a common problem or topic
* Introduction, exchange, and evaluation of ideas and
information
* Movement toward some objective or goal
* Verbal interaction
A cooperative learning grouping in which students meet together for small
group discussions among themselves. The elements of a discussion model
include:
*Small number of students, preferable 6-8
*Recognition of a common problem or topic
* Introduction, exchange, and evaluation of ideas and
information
* Movement toward some objective or goal
* Verbal interaction
LABORATORIES
Used particularly in science classes where students test out their hypothesis.
Used particularly in science classes where students test out their hypothesis.
PROJECT-BASED
LEARNING
Students self-select a project that they would like to work on and all
learning that occurs is centered around their project and ties in with it in
some way.
LEARNING
Students self-select a project that they would like to work on and all
learning that occurs is centered around their project and ties in with it in
some way.
SIMULATIONS
A pretend setting or situation that parallels a real-world setting or situation
and allows students to practice problem-solving skills.
InformationSource:https://www.facebook.com/groups/1030767063613129/?fref=nf
A pretend setting or situation that parallels a real-world setting or situation
and allows students to practice problem-solving skills.
InformationSource:https://www.facebook.com/groups/1030767063613129/?fref=nf
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